A BLDC Motor Control System in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The BLDC motor control system equipped with a practical speed control feature is developed to operate BLDC motors typically used in electric vehicle applications. Its main purpose is to manage the motor’s rotational direction—both forward and reverse—and to adjust throttle input for precise speed control. This study emphasizes the implementation of an effective and user-friendly speed control mechanism to enhance motor performance and gather experimental data on its behavior. The Convenient Speed Control device functions properly, efficiently managing the BLDC motor to enable smooth forward and reverse movement, as well as manual throttle adjustment. Test results show that the forward motion produces higher voltage output compared to reverse motion. At maximum forward speed, the voltage reaches 38 volts, whereas at full reverse, it records 21 volts. Furthermore, tests at varying speed levels reveal that phase voltage increases proportionally with speed. At Speed 1, the average phase voltage is about 8 volts; at Speed 2, it rises to around 17 volts; and at Speed 3, the highest voltage, averaging 21 volts across all phases, is achieved. These findings confirm that the controller effectively responds to speed variations and maintains stable motor performance under different operating conditions