A Simulation Study of Three Mosque AC Control Modes for Electrical Energy Efficiency

Abstract

This paper presents a low-cost simulation study to compare four air-conditioning control modes for a mosque prayer hall served by four Daikin split units of 2 PK each. The modes are Automatic schedule driven, Manual Default using the original remote, Manual IoT supervised via Android notifications, and Hybrid that combines Automatic with bounded overrides. A discrete-time model with 1-minute resolution was run over 30 consecutive days. Reported metrics include daily and 30-day energy, total runtime, peak demand, and excess runtime, with a simple comfort proxy. The 30-day results show a consistent ordering where Automatic is the lowest energy mode at 212.43 kWh, followed by Manual IoT at 313.95 kWh and Hybrid at 362.05 kWh, while Manual Default is highest at 805.71 kWh. Compared with Manual Default, energy savings reach 73.63% for Automatic, 61.03% for Manual IoT, and 55.06% for Hybrid. Differences are primarily driven by off-schedule operation, schedule discipline, and staging practice. The findings support the use of Automatic as the operational baseline with a 10-minute pre and 30-minute post window, conservative staging, and a protected setpoint of 24 to 25 °C, while IoT supervision and bounded Hybrid overrides provide practical pathways to reduce waste without compromising comfort.